Common Commands for Linux

1. File System Navigation:

1. ls: List directory contents.
2. cd: Change the current directory.
3. pwd: Print the current working directory.
4. mkdir: Create a new directory.
5. rmdir: Remove a directory.
6. cp: Copy files and directories.
7. mv: Move or rename files/directories.
8. rm: Remove/delete files and directories.
9. touch: Create an empty file or update file timestamps.
10. cat: Concatenate and display file content.
11. head: Output the start of a file.
12. tail: Output the end of a file.

2. File Manipulation:

1. nano or vi or vim: Text editors to create or modify files.
2. grep: Search for specific patterns in files.
3. find: Search for files and directories.
4. chmod: Change file permissions.
5. chown: Change file ownership.
6. tar: Archive files.
7. zip/unzip: Compress and extract files in ZIP format.
8. gzip/gunzip: Compress and decompress files using gzip.

3. System Information

1. uname: Display system information.
2. top or htop: Display real-time system processes and their resource usage.
3. df: Display disk space usage.
4. du: Display directory space usage.
5. cat /etc/os-release or cat /proc/version or cat /etc/*-release or cat /etc/issue or cat /var/run/motd: Viewing the Linux system version

4. Networking:

1. ping: Check connectivity to a remote host.
2. ifconfig or ip: Display and configure network interfaces.
3. ssh: Securely connect to a remote machine.
4. scp: Securely copy files between machines.
5. wget or curl: Download files from the internet.

5. Process Management:

1. ps: Display information about running processes.
2. kill: Terminate processes by ID or name.
3. killall: Terminate processes by name.
4. jobs: List background jobs.

6. Package Management (for specific package managers):

1. apt-get or apt: Package management on Debian-based systems.
2. yum or dnf: Package management on Red Hat-based systems.
3. pacman: Package management on Arch Linux.

7. User-related:

1. su -: Switching to the root.
2. su - username: Switch to another user account.
3. useradd -m newusername: Create a new user account. (the -m flag creates the user’s home directory).
4. passwd username: Set or change a user’s password.
5. userdel username: Remove a user account.
6. who: Display who is logged in.